Is it a combination of the right colors? Perhaps a lot of white space? Could it be a particular style of art? In reality, it can be any of these factors, none of these factors, or even a variety of other factors. Graphic design, unlike art, generally should not be a subjective thing. Graphic design has a business purpose and that being the case, means that it should accomplish a particular goal. That may mean driving sales, promoting your product, educating, or whatever applies to your business model.
How to create effective layouts
- Use different sizes of type for different elements.
- Establish a hierarchy of type sizes for headlines, subheads, text, etc. and be consistent with formatting. (All headlines should be formatted alike, all subheads should be formatted alike, all text should be formatted alike, etc.)
- Make the most important element you want your readers to see the largest and the least important element the smallest.
- Use rules (lines) to separate information into groups.
- Use different weights of type.
- Use white space for design purposes in your publication.
- Position important information in the upper left corner. The upper left corner is usually read first. Place a box around important information.
- Call attention to lists of items by placing bullets in front of them.
- Use colored or reversed type (white type on a dark background) to separate or emphasize.
Here are 5 elements when designing a layout you should consider:
- Images – Often photographs are the first things chosen. Quality is very important! The image should be chosen to reflect either a theme, a feeling, or mood conveyed in or by the company, or subject of the project. Choosing just 1 or 2 strong images that supports the idea of the project is better then using 4 or 5 weak images. If more then 1 or 2 images are chosen the designer will need to find a way to unify these images into a cohesive whole. A technique for accomplishing this is through the use of a grid to display the images.
- Graphics - Choose a graphic that accents the image, mood or theme of the project or company. Try using the graphic as a leading line. You can also use smaller versions of the graphic to indicate the location of headers, buttons, or new elements in the design. Try inverting the colors, rotating, or cropping these smaller graphics to create interest but still create a unified feeling.
- Font Choices - Try just 2-4 fonts in a layout. One for the title, one for headings, one for body copy, one for everything else for example: captions, footers, copyright, etc… Each font should fit or compliment each other and the overall mood or theme of the project. But each font must also be distinguishable from the others.
- Color Choices - 2 -3 max.
Choose to either compliment or contrast the images or the graphics. Try to relate the colors to the mood or theme of the piece. The font colors are particularly important. Fonts must have enough value contrast between them and the background to enhance (not detract) from legibility.
- Alignment – Each of the previous elements must be placed in such a way as to justify its position in relationship to its surrounding elements. Options include left or right edge, centered, top or bottom, tangent or along the curve. Regardless, each and every element should have thought and consideration given to its placement. If you can’t say why you put it there, then you haven’t thought it through. Placement affects legibility.
Most common design problems to avoid in a layout:
- Hideous colors
- Low resolution photos
- Exaggerated tabs and indents
- Too many typefaces or hard to read fonts
- Cramped logos and addresses
- Unequal spacing
- Excessive spacing after punctuation
- • Buried heads and subheads
- • Claustrophobic pages
- • Too many boxes and rules
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